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Air Shower: Principles, Functions, Structure, Applications, and Maintenance A Comprehensive Guide to Air Showers in Cleanroom and Controlled Environments
Created on 08.20
Air Shower: Principles, Functions, Structure, Applications, and Maintenance
A Comprehensive Guide to Air Showers in Cleanroom and Controlled Environments
I. Definition and Overview
An Air Shower is a specialized enclosed chamber installed at the entry or exit of cleanrooms and controlled environments. It uses high-velocity filtered air to remove particulate contaminants from personnel, equipment, or materials before they enter or leave a controlled space. This process ensures compliance with international cleanroom standards such as ISO 14644-1: Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments and GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) requirements. Key filtration technology includes HEPA (High-Efficiency Particulate Air) and ULPA (Ultra-Low Penetration Air) filters.
II. Working Principle
The air shower operates based on a closed-loop circulation system:
- Air Circulation:
- Filtration System: pre-filters HEPA/ULPA filters
- Cross-Contamination Prevention:
- Automatic Control:
III. Main Functions and Roles
- Reduces cross-contamination risk in cleanrooms.
- Ensures compliance with ISO 14644-1 GMP
- Protects sensitive processes such as pharmaceutical production, biotechnology, and semiconductor manufacturing.
- Improves production efficiency and product yield by maintaining clean environments.
IV. Structural Features and Materials
Air showers are constructed using robust, cleanroom-compatible materials:
- Stainless Steel (SS304/SS316):
- Powder-Coated Steel:
- Aluminum Alloy:
- Tempered Glass:
V. Classification and Technical Parameters
Air showers can be classified by application type (personnel air showers, material air showers, tunnel type) and design configuration (single-person, multi-person, two-side entry, three-side entry).
Model | Air Velocity | Fan Power | Filtration Level | Internal Dimension (mm) | Noise Level |
AS-P1 | 20–25 m/s | 2 × 0.75 kW | HEPA ≥99.99% @0.3 μm | 900 × 900 × 2000 | ≤65 dB |
AS-M2 | 22–28 m/s | 4 × 1.1 kW | ULPA ≥99.9995% @0.12 μm | 1500 × 1500 × 2000 | ≤68 dB |
VI. Typical Application Industries
- Cleanroom Engineering
- Medical and Healthcare Facilities
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
- Biotechnology & Life Sciences
- Semiconductor and Electronics
- Environmental Technology and Research Laboratories
- Laboratory Engineering and Equipment Manufacturing
VII. Installation and Usage Considerations
- Install in compliance with ISO 14644-1 GMP Annex 1
- Ensure air shower is properly sealed with interlocking doors.
- Regular calibration of air velocity and pressure differential sensors is required.
- Power supply should be grounded to avoid static interference.
VIII. Maintenance and Care
- Regularly clean and disinfect chamber surfaces.
- Replace pre-filters every 3–6 months and HEPA/ULPA filters every 12–18 months, depending on usage.
- Inspect electrical systems and interlocking doors quarterly.
- Calibrate control systems annually to ensure compliance with standards.
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