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Precise Temperature and Pressure Control: An In-Depth Analysis of the Core Environmental Assurance Systems
Created on 01.29
In the highly specialized field of animal experimentation, environmental quality directly determines the accuracy and reproducibility of research data, as well as animal welfare and biosafety. Guangzhou Kunling Animal Laboratory Engineering solutions establish an invisible yet critical technical barrier for core experimental areas through their precise and reliable HVAC purification and pressure differential control systems. This article provides a detailed analysis of the design principles and technical implementation of these two key subsystems.
I. HVAC Purification System: Comprehensive Environmental Control Beyond Temperature and Humidity
The HVAC purification system in an animal laboratory is far more than a simple cooling and dehumidification setup. It is a complex engineering system integrating temperature control, humidity regulation, air purification, airflow organization, and air change management.
1. Precise Temperature and Humidity Control
Experimental animals are highly sensitive to fluctuations in temperature and humidity. The Kunling solution adopts a high-precision DDC (Direct Digital Control) system to provide continuous, dynamic regulation of air-handling units. This ensures that temperature fluctuations in core areas are typically maintained within ±1°C to ±2°C, while humidity is controlled within ±5% to ±10% RH of the setpoint. Such stability provides a consistent physical environment for animals and minimizes the impact of environmental stress on experimental outcomes.
2. Multi-Stage Air Purification
Air cleanliness is critical for preventing cross-contamination. The system employs a three-stage filtration configuration consisting of pre-filters, medium-efficiency filters, and high-efficiency filters. Terminal supply air is typically equipped with H14 or higher-grade HEPA filters, achieving a filtration efficiency of no less than 99.99% for particles ≥0.3 μm. This effectively removes airborne microorganisms, allergens, and particulates, meeting the environmental requirements of SPF (Specific Pathogen Free) or higher-grade animal facilities.
3. Scientifically Designed Airflow Organization and Ventilation Rates
Depending on the cleanliness classification of each area, airflow patterns such as ceiling supply with floor return or ceiling supply with low-side return are adopted to create directional and uniform airflow while eliminating dead zones. Through variable frequency control, supply and exhaust air volumes are precisely regulated to achieve air change rates of 10–20 ACH or higher. This ensures rapid removal of contaminants and sustained cleanliness while enabling energy-efficient operation.
II. Pressure Differential Gradient System: Building a Static Biosafety Barrier
Pressure control is a core element in animal laboratory design, particularly for facilities involving biosafety levels (ABSL). By creating pressure differentials, the system establishes invisible airflow control that prevents the leakage of hazardous agents or cross-contamination.
1. Strict Pressure Gradient Design
The Kunling solution follows the principle of “graded pressure differentials.” Clear and progressive pressure gradients are established between functional areas such as clean corridors, animal rooms, and soiled corridors. For example, in a positive-pressure barrier system, the clean corridor maintains the highest pressure, followed by the animal room, with the soiled corridor at the lowest pressure. Air consistently flows from areas of higher cleanliness to lower cleanliness. Typical pressure differentials between adjacent areas are maintained at 10–15 Pa to ensure directional airflow.
2. Dynamic Pressure Balancing and Stability Maintenance
Door opening and closing, as well as the start-up or shutdown of exhaust equipment, can cause pressure fluctuations. The system responds through interlocked damper control and the rapid response of VAV boxes or Venturi valves, continuously monitoring and dynamically adjusting the balance between supply and exhaust air volumes. This ensures that target pressure differentials in critical areas are quickly restored and maintained under all operating conditions.
3. Intelligent Monitoring and Alarm Functions
Pressure sensors transmit real-time data to the central monitoring system, where values and trends are displayed intuitively. If pressure differentials deviate from the set range, the system immediately triggers audible and visual alarms and may attempt automatic correction through control logic or prompt staff intervention, effectively eliminating safety risks caused by pressure reversal.
System Integration and Energy Considerations
In Guangzhou Kunling animal laboratory projects, HVAC purification and pressure control systems do not operate independently. They are deeply integrated into the Building Automation System (BAS) to enable unified monitoring, data logging, and energy management. By incorporating heat recovery devices—such as plate or rotary heat exchangers—energy from exhaust air is recovered to preheat or precool incoming fresh air, significantly reducing operational energy consumption and demonstrating a strong commitment to sustainable operation while maintaining advanced functionality.
Conclusion
Through precise environmental parameter control and dynamic pressure management, the HVAC purification and pressure differential systems in Guangzhou Kunling animal laboratory engineering projects establish a solid physical foundation for biosafety, animal welfare, and the reliability of scientific data. Their value lies not in the advancement of any single piece of equipment, but in the integrated system engineering approach, precise control strategies, and stable long-term operation. Together, these elements provide an indispensable high-standard environmental assurance platform for modern life science research.
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